• Aga Khan Health Board for Kenya | 16 January 2025 | Kenya

    Breast and Cervical Cancer: Empowering Women Through Awareness and Action

Breast and cervical cancer are significant health challenges for women, yet they are largely preventable and treatable when detected early. Breast cancer affects 1 in 10 women, while cervical cancer impacts 1 in 150, but lifestyle changes, such as staying active, maintaining a healthy weight, and breastfeeding, can lower risks. Early detection through mammograms and Pap smears is crucial, as it significantly improves survival rates. Modern treatments, including targeted therapies and immunotherapy, offer more effective care. Additionally, the HPV vaccine can prevent over 90% of cervical cancer cases. By prioritising screenings, vaccinations, and health education, women can safeguard their wellbeing and inspire others to take proactive steps toward healthier lives.

The Aga Khan Health Board is committed to raising awareness about two significant health conditions affecting women worldwide: breast cancer and cervical cancer. Despite being largely preventable and detectable at early stages, these diseases remain leading causes of untimely deaths among women.

A Stark Reality: The Numbers Speak

The statistics are a wake-up call:

  • 1 in 10 women will develop breast cancer in their lifetime.
  • 1 in 150 women will face a cervical cancer diagnosis.

These numbers highlight the urgency for increased awareness, prevention, and early detection. Yet, many avoid discussing these realities, leaving them unaddressed.

Breast Cancer: Prevention and Early Detection

Can breast cancer be prevented? While not entirely, certain lifestyle changes can significantly reduce risk:

  • Stay active: Regular physical activity lowers breast cancer risk by 10–20%.
  • Maintain a healthy weight: Combined with avoiding alcohol, this reduces risk by up to 30%.
  • Breastfeed: Breastfeeding for a year or longer provides additional protection.

However, the most powerful tool against breast cancer is early detection.

Karima’s Story: A Testament to Early Detection

Karima, a 45-year-old mother of two, never missed her annual mammograms. During one routine screening, doctors identified a small mass, diagnosed as early-stage breast cancer. Because it was caught early, Karima only required a lumpectomy (surgical removal of the tumor) and radiation therapy. She avoided chemotherapy and now, with hormone therapy, remains cancer-free.

The Lesson: Annual mammograms increase the likelihood of being disease-free with treatment by over 80%.

Tools for Detection and Modern Treatments

  • Self-awareness: Changes in the breast often first detected by women themselves can signal a need for further testing.
  • Mammography: Annual or bi-annual mammograms starting at age 40 detect cancers earlier than physical lumps.

Modern treatments include:

  • Targeted therapies attacking cancer cells while sparing healthy ones.
  • Genetic testing to tailor treatment options.
  • Less invasive surgeries and shorter radiation courses.
  • Immunotherapy to strengthen the immune system against cancer.

Cervical Cancer: Preventable and Treatable

Cervical cancer stands out as one of the most preventable cancers, primarily caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV).

HPV Vaccination: A Powerful Preventive Tool

The HPV vaccine can reduce cervical cancer cases by over 90%. The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends vaccination for girls and boys aged 9–14. However, individuals up to age 26 - and in some cases up to age 45 - can benefit after consulting with a healthcare provider. In Kenya, these vaccines are available at subsidised rates.

Early Detection with Pap Smears

Pap smears identify precancerous changes, enabling timely treatment. Recommendations include:

  • Women aged 21–65: Pap smears every three years.
  • Women aged 30–65: Combined Pap and HPV testing every five years.

Regular screenings can reduce cervical cancer deaths by 70%.

Taking Action: The Path Forward

Awareness is the first step, but action is what saves lives. Women’s health is central to the wellbeing of families and communities.

Here’s how you can make a difference today:

  • Schedule your mammogram: Don’t delay early detection.
  • Consider the HPV vaccine: Discuss vaccination with your doctor for your children or yourself.
  • Encourage others: Motivate your sisters, daughters, and friends to prioritise their health and regular screenings.

Together, we can reduce the impact of these cancers and ensure healthier lives for generations to come.

Your health matters - take charge today.